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counterintuitively,counterintuitive是什么意思,counterintuitive中文翻譯,counterintuitive發(fā)音、用法及例句

2025-06-20 投稿

counterintuitively,counterintuitive是什么意思,counterintuitive中文翻譯,counterintuitive發(fā)音、用法及例句

?counterintuitive

counterintuitive發(fā)音

英:[ka?nt?r?n'tju:?t?v]  美:[?ka?nt?r?n'tju:?t?v]

英:  美:

counterintuitive中文意思翻譯

adj. 違反直覺(jué)的

counterintuitive詞形變化

名詞: counterinsurgent |

counterintuitive常見(jiàn)例句

1 、That's not well known even by some veteran webmasters, because it runs counterintuitive to what we've come to expect from experience.───這對于某些網(wǎng)管老手來(lái)說(shuō)都很陌生,因為以我們的經(jīng)驗來(lái)判斷,它不太合理。

2 、It's completely counterintuitive compared to what most cities do.─── 這與絕大部分城市的做法背道而馳

3 、That seems counterintuitive, which makes it a common mistake.───這是常見(jiàn)的錯誤,看起來(lái)是違反直覺(jué)的。

4 、It's a bit counterintuitive, considering the internet's made more articles available than ever before.───這似乎有悖常理,因為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的產(chǎn)生應該讓人們能閱讀到比以往更多的文獻才對。

5 、While the results may seem counterintuitive, researchers conclude that extending nursing time can actually interrupt a mother’s internal system for milk production.───雖然結果很出乎意料,研究者們給出了一個(gè)結論:實(shí)際上,因為要制造乳汁,過(guò)長(cháng)的哺乳時(shí)間會(huì )擾亂一位母親身體的內部系統。

6 、This is counterintuitive to most investors.Mr.───大部分投資者的直覺(jué)看法都不是這樣。

7 、is a counterintuitive illusion. When a grey rectangle is mainly surrounded by black it should look lighter. In this case, the grey rectangles are exactly the same shade of grey.───當灰色的長(cháng)方形被黑色圍住,它看起來(lái)會(huì )更亮。該圖中兩邊的灰色深度其實(shí)是一樣的。

8 、Critical thinking is often counterintuitive, and our brains are easily fooled.───批判性思維常常是違反直覺(jué)的,而我們的大腦是很容易被愚弄的。

9 、That’s kinda counterintuitive but Ki Baek and co say several factors explain what is going on.───這可能非常有趣如果你這幾天在圣地亞哥的高速公路上試試看的話(huà)。哈哈!

10 、The gravitational interaction of a satellite and a nearby particle is somewhat counterintuitive.───衛星和鄰近粒子之間的重力作用有些違反直覺(jué)。

11 、Counterintuitive Sequencing of Planning Tasks───反直覺(jué)規劃

12 、But of course what makes investing so counterintuitive is that in equity markets, good times are defined as everyone thinking it's time to buy.───但是在資本市場(chǎng)確實(shí)讓投資行為變得非常違反直覺(jué),所謂牛市是人人都想著(zhù)買(mǎi)進(jìn)的時(shí)期。

13 、This finding may seem counterintuitive , since many smokers attest to feeling more alert and focused after smoking.───這一發(fā)現似乎和我們的直覺(jué)正好相反,因為很多人都覺(jué)得在抽完煙后反應會(huì )更敏捷,注意力更集中。

14 、I know it's counterintuitive, but trust me on that.─── 我知道這反直覺(jué) 但是相信我

15 、But other signs also could point the way, they say. They range from the innocuous (such as trading volume) to the counterintuitive (cuts in profit expectations).───但他們稱(chēng),還有其他指標能夠幫助他們得出結論,其中既包括交易量等普通指標,也包括盈利預期下調等違反直覺(jué)的情況。

16 、It's important to do this.It seems counterintuitive, it seems like gulping would cause a cramp.───這很重要,似乎違背直覺(jué),似乎大口喝會(huì )引起腹部絞痛。

17 、When we do that then there are often quite counterintuitive results.───當我們做到這一點(diǎn)則往往是非常違反直覺(jué)的結果。

18 、It's counterintuitive, so let's go over all the details.───這與你的直覺(jué)是相反的,讓我們來(lái)看一些細節。

19 、And they should never be the same, because, however counterintuitive this may seem, to make them the same would be to fundamentally weaken the opportunity for new creators to create.───因為倘若沒(méi)有區分的話(huà),這會(huì )從根本上弱化新手進(jìn)行創(chuàng )新的機會(huì ),盡管這個(gè)理由不是很能夠被直觀(guān)地看出。

20 、Keywords: Counterintuitive Sequencing of planning tasks; development planning; institutional resistance; substantive and procedural planning theories; unorthodox problem formulation───關(guān)鍵詞:反直覺(jué)規劃;發(fā)展規劃;制度阻力;本體論和程序規劃理論;非常規問(wèn)題闡述

21 、It's barely a taste of the radical and often counterintuitive "rules" that Kelly dishes out.───這只不過(guò)是品嘗凱利所推出的那些激進(jìn)且經(jīng)常是反直覺(jué)的規則的一點(diǎn)味道而已。

22 、"Further research is needed to explain this counterintuitive finding and to identify more effective methods of medication review.───他們認為,需要未來(lái)進(jìn)一步的試驗來(lái)解釋這項違反直覺(jué)的發(fā)現,以及確認出藥物評估更有效的方式。

23 、A thought experiment designed to illustrate the counterintuitive and strange notions of reality that come along with quantum mechanics.───隨著(zhù)量子力學(xué)而出現了違反直覺(jué)和有著(zhù)奇怪概念的事實(shí),為了闡述它們而進(jìn)行了一個(gè)理想實(shí)驗。

24 、We hope to present evidence that such instruction can lead to conceptual change in that the student can make intuitive sense of aspects of the scientific theory that were counterintuitive before.───我們希望提出證據,這種指示可能導致概念上的變化的學(xué)生可以直觀(guān)的感覺(jué)方面的科學(xué)理論,是違反直覺(jué)面前。

25 、I know it's counterintuitive, but that's the point.─── 我知道聽(tīng)起來(lái)完全背道而馳 但確實(shí)如此

26 、This view may seem very counterintuitive at first.───這個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)也許第一眼看起來(lái)是非常反直覺(jué)的。

27 、That's counterintuitive, but that just might work.─── 有點(diǎn)不合套路 但沒(méi)準還真能管用

28 、Counterintuitive rules are difficult to learn and not fun, at least at first.───怪誕的規則通常都不容易掌握,也并不有趣,至少一開(kāi)始是這樣。

29 、The most important findings are rather counterintuitive: Smaller firms are more successful than larger firms, and firms entering more open emerging markets have less success.───研究結果非常令人意想不到:小公司比大公司更成功,而那些進(jìn)入更加開(kāi)放的新興市場(chǎng)的企業(yè)更少獲得成功。

30 、It's an almost counterintuitive question: Can the physically disabled become artists?───有身體缺陷的人能夠成為藝術(shù)家么?

31 、Brand also makes a counterintuitive case that the booming slums and squatter cities in and around Mumbai, Nairobi, and Rio de Janeiro are net positives for poor people and the environment.───布蘭德也為窮人和環(huán)境提出反直覺(jué)的理由,在孟買(mǎi)、內羅畢和里約熱內盧市內及其四周急速發(fā)展的貧民窟和寮屋城區純屬積極正面。

32 、It might seem counterintuitive to discuss the application architecture last, but doing so makes sense with this type of development.───到最后才討論應用程序架構看起來(lái)可能不合常規,但是對于這類(lèi)開(kāi)發(fā)來(lái)說(shuō)這么做是有意義的。

33 、Initially, it seemed quite counterintuitive to me.───最初它對我來(lái)說(shuō)也是反直覺(jué)的。

34 、It is, of course, a very tricky task to devise a romanization method;some are better than others, but all involve plenty of counterintuitive spellings.───當然,要發(fā)明一種羅馬式拼音方案確是一項技巧性很強的高難度工程,盡管各種方案各有千秋,但任何方案都無(wú)法憑直覺(jué)來(lái)拼讀。

35 、Moreover, their leptin levels are actually higher than those of lean individuals, which sounds counterintuitive if leptin is supposed to cause appetite suppression.───再者,他們體內的瘦身素量也比體瘦者高。如果說(shuō)瘦身素的作用是抑制食欲,那麼這個(gè)發(fā)現似乎有違常理。

36 、It’s counterintuitive, but it can be proven easily with elementary mathematics.───這是違反直覺(jué)的,但這卻可以很容易的用初等數學(xué)來(lái)證明。

37 、“It would be counterintuitive to disengage, and potentially lose, the most important sector of your workforce and the future of your company in order to cut short-term costs.───因此,為減少短期性的費用支入,企業(yè)更不能憑直覺(jué)裁員或削減間接費用,而是該把重點(diǎn)放在員工穩定性及企業(yè)的未來(lái)規劃上來(lái)。

38 、Metamaterials can and have been designed and made to possess certain properties, even counterintuitive ones.───超穎物質(zhì)可以并已經(jīng)用來(lái)設計具有某種特性,有些甚至是和人的直覺(jué)相違背的特性。

39 、Many legitimate wave functions correspond to counterintuitive situations, such as a cat being dead and alive at the same time in a so-called superposition.───許多合法的波函數,對應的卻是違反直覺(jué)的狀況,比如一只貓在一個(gè)所謂的疊加態(tài)中,竟同時(shí)是生又是死的。

40 、The facts are counterintuitive to everything else you see around you.───事實(shí)是對于你在你周遭所見(jiàn)到的其他每件事物是違反直覺(jué)的。

41 、The papers in this STF develop counterintuitive theory about the circumstances of those private firms developing different corporate strategies to influence government policy.───他們認為管理學(xué)的學(xué)者們剛開(kāi)始涉足這一重要的論題并提出一些可行的研究方向。

42 、This fact may be counterintuitive - it seems reasonable to suppose that you would reach an asymptote once almost all the English words had been included.───這個(gè)事實(shí)可能與我們的直覺(jué)相反認為一旦全部包括了幾乎所有的英文單詞,您就可以一勞永逸,這似乎很合乎情理。

43 、A trader who expects a downswing must decide which put to buy. The best choice is counterintuitive and different from what most people get.───期待下跌的交易者要決定買(mǎi)什么樣的看跌期權。最好是和直覺(jué)不同的,和別人不一樣的。

44 、But too many of the book's vaguely counterintuitive examples ... stray from the central theme, giving their argument a shapeless, meandering feel.───但是這本書(shū)舉了太多含糊的悔澀的例子...偏離了中心論點(diǎn),讓他們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)看起來(lái)散漫不成型?!?/p>

45 、It's just that the ethic rules for the governor can be quite counterintuitive.─── 只是關(guān)于州長(cháng)的**準則 其實(shí)相當有悖常理

46 、It seems counterintuitive that doing nothing can make you fatigued, but it's true.───乍聽(tīng)起來(lái)有些奇怪:什么都不做竟會(huì )讓你感到疲倦,但其確實(shí)是真理。

47 、PersevereInteresting and perhaps counterintuitive fact: research shows that people tend to persevere longer with problems that they've been told are difficult, as opposed to easy.───有趣卻違背人們一般認為的事實(shí)是:據研究表明往往在被認為是”困難'的問(wèn)題上人們堅持的時(shí)間比在“容易”的問(wèn)題上更長(cháng)。

48 、S. alone-diet industry.Niedenthal says that not only has he lost 12 kg in 18 months on his counterintuitive diet regime, "I have much more energy and my complexion has improved.───尼登特爾說(shuō),采用反常規飲食療法18個(gè)月以來(lái),他的體重下降了12公斤,而且“覺(jué)得渾身更有勁,臉色也好了許多”。

49 、The rule for machines is counterintuitive but clear: Complex machines must be made incrementally and often indirectly.───對機器來(lái)說(shuō),這個(gè)規則是違反直覺(jué)的,但是很明確:復雜的機器必定是逐步地、而且往往是間接地完善的。

50 、China's need to emulate America may seem counterintuitive at the moment, given the parlous state of the U.S. economy.───在當前的時(shí)刻,尤其是美國經(jīng)濟陷入困頓之際,提出中國應該效仿美國似乎有悖直覺(jué)。

51 、When you run into an obstacle you can't overcome, you try a counterintuitive approach.─── 如果你遭遇了無(wú)法克服的障礙 你就采取逆向思維的辦法

52 、N. weapons inspectors on Iraqi weapons of mass destruction (WMD).To policymakers, a lack of WMD was counterintuitive and contrary to past experience.───對決策者而言,缺乏大規模殺傷性武器是違反直覺(jué)的,而且與過(guò)去的經(jīng)驗相反。

53 、But much of physics is counterintuitive, as is the case in many other disciplines, and before the rise of modern science we had only our folk intuitions to guide us.───然而,物理學(xué)絕大部份是與直覺(jué)相違背的,其他學(xué)門(mén)也是如此。在現代科學(xué)興起之前,我們只有一般直覺(jué)可供引導。

54 、This conclusion, too, is counterintuitive and at odds with the terms of present law and most proposals for reform.───這個(gè)結論有點(diǎn)違反直覺(jué),并且與現行法律和大多數改革建議所使用的術(shù)語(yǔ)不一致。

55 、Certainly, counterintuitive moves in airline stocks and others could present opportunities.───當然,航空和其它類(lèi)股的反常走勢可能帶來(lái)了機會(huì )。

56 、A similar result was discovered in an example so counterintuitive that it startles.───在一個(gè)非常違反直覺(jué)的例子中,也發(fā)現到相似的結果。

57 、What is it about our reflected self that it plays by such counterintuitive rules?───那我們根據這些與直覺(jué)相反的規則而變化的鏡中影像又怎麼了?

58 、At the same time, type-E dualism is frequently rejected as deeply counterintuitive.───同時(shí),E類(lèi)二元論常常意味其反直觀(guān)而被拒絕。

59 、Tengzhong's interest in the gas-guzzling Hummer brand seems somewhat counterintuitive, as the company just entered the business of making wind-turbine gearboxes last year.───四川騰中重工看上油耗子品牌悍馬似乎有點(diǎn)不合常理,因為該公司去年才剛剛進(jìn)入制造風(fēng)電齒輪箱的業(yè)務(wù)。

60 、A better idea, though counterintuitive, might be to raise tuition to all students but couple the raise with a program of rebates for graduates who work full time.───一個(gè)違背直覺(jué)的好主意:可以提高所有學(xué)生的學(xué)費,而不僅僅包括結了婚的,配套的計劃是將提高的部分返還給全職工作的畢業(yè)生。

61 、It's completely counterintuitive and simply doesn't make sense.─── 這完全違反我們的直覺(jué) 而且也說(shuō)不通

62 、At first, all this seems counterintuitive - cutting trees to save a forest.───砍樹(shù)來(lái)拯救森林,最初以直覺(jué)想,似乎是說(shuō)不通的。

63 、No matter how counterintuitive to traditional political thinking.─── 無(wú)論這些決策是否 與傳統*思維相左

64 、This sounds counterintuitive but within the logic of accounting it makes some sense.───這聽(tīng)起來(lái)似乎違背常理,但從會(huì )計邏輯來(lái)說(shuō)有一定道理。

65 、China's need to emulate America may seem counterintuitive at the moment, given the parlous state of the U.───鑒于美國經(jīng)濟危機,現在說(shuō)中國需要效仿美國好像是違反直覺(jué)的。

66 、So I know this sounds counterintuitive, but I would advise him to stick to the guilty plea.─── 所以 我知道這聽(tīng)起來(lái)不可思議 但我會(huì )建議他堅持原來(lái)的認罪答辯

67 、Elements which are unrealistic are often counterintuitive.───那些不現實(shí)的游戲元素通常都很怪誕。

68 、While it may seem counterintuitive to drink hot liquids in the heat, many Asian cultures believe that doing so will increase sweating and help cool you off.───大熱天飲熱茶聽(tīng)起來(lái)似乎有悖常理,但許多亞洲文化認為這有助發(fā)汗解暑,可以清涼降火。

69 、This is exactly right, even though it’s often counterintuitive for people who program in other languages (especially C) and are used to accessing everything without restriction.───完全正確,這對于一些使用其它編程語(yǔ)言(特別指C語(yǔ)言),以及習慣于訪(fǎng)問(wèn)任何部分而無(wú)任何限制的編程人員來(lái)說(shuō)尤為如此。

70 、Forgas and his team weren't surprised by the result, although at first glance it might seem counterintuitive.───結果不出福加斯和他的小組所料,盡管乍看上去似乎有違直覺(jué)。

71 、A key to this counterintuitive approach to traffic design lies in manipulating the inherent self-interest of all drivers.───這種違反直覺(jué)的交通規劃,關(guān)鍵在于運用每個(gè)駕駛人的私心。

72 、This sighting is counterintuitive to everything we know about its behavior.─── 這種現象與我們 對其所有行為的了解背道而馳

73 、Buying a very cheap, far-out-of-the-money put is counterintuitive.───買(mǎi)一個(gè)便宜的,不值錢(qián)的看跌期權是違反只覺(jué)的。

74 、“While it may be counterintuitive , it's more appropriate and in some ways more spiritually uplifting to be grateful in a time of need than in a time of plenty,” Mirel said.───在極其痛苦的經(jīng)濟困難時(shí)刻,很難想象在感恩方面有所作為。

75 、Nature, the master manager of complexity, offers priceless guidance in handling messy, counterintuitive webs.───自然,這掌控復雜性的大師,給我們提供無(wú)價(jià)的引導來(lái)掙脫雜亂、反直觀(guān)的網(wǎng)。

76 、Although the result appears counterintuitive and even surprising, it's a reasonable choice of the principal under the assumption of self-interested and rational behavior.───此一結論雖然不是那麼符合直覺(jué),甚至有些令人意外,惟在**人自利與理性的行為假設下,其實(shí)并不難理解其隱含的經(jīng)濟意涵。

77 、Finally, although it might seem counterintuitive, one effective means of controlling our emotions about an investment is to avoid learning too much about it.───最后,盡管這可能看起來(lái)不合常理,一個(gè)控制投資情緒的有效方法是避免對投資知道的太多。

78 、Object variables that contain intrinsic variable types, such as integer, are displayed and edited in a manner that may appear counterintuitive.───包含內部變量類(lèi)型(如整型)的對象變量的顯示和編輯方式可能看起來(lái)不夠直觀(guān)。

79 、Counterintuitive as it may sound, Ehrlich told me in an e-mail that “l(fā)acking any other information, one would put (conservation) effort into the (species) with a small range.───在一封電子郵件里,歐利希跟我說(shuō)了個(gè)聽(tīng)起來(lái)有點(diǎn)違反直覺(jué)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。他說(shuō):“如果缺乏其他相關(guān)信息,人們就只能在一個(gè)狹窄的范圍內開(kāi)展對物種的保護?!?/p>

80 、This may sound a little counterintuitive, but before a merger is completed, the company that is being acquired will pay, possibly prepay, as many expenses as possible.───這也許聽(tīng)起來(lái)一少許反直觀(guān),但在合并被完成之前,被獲取的公司將支付,可能預付,許多費用盡可能。

81 、The middle class's newfound disdain for democracy is counterintuitive.───中產(chǎn)階級對民主新滋生出的輕視是有違常性的。

余同希的主要論著(zhù)

1 TX Yu and W Johnson. The Plastica:the large elastic-plastic deflection of a strut. Int J Non-Linear Mech,1982,17,195~209

2 TX Yu and W Johnson. The large elastic-plastic deflectionwith springback of a circular plate subjected to circum-ferential moments. ASME J Appl Mech,1982,49,507~515

3 TX Yu and W Johnson. Cylindrical bending of metal strips.Metals Technology,1983,10,439~448

4 PS Symonds and TX Yu. Counterintuitive behaviour in aproblem of elastic-plastic beam dynamics. ASME J Appl Mech,1985,52,517~522

5 XQ Wu,C Liu and TX Yu. A bifurcation phenomenon in an elastic-plastic symmetrical shallow truss subjected to symmetricalload. Int J Solids Struct,1987,23,1225~1233

6 余同希. 塑性力學(xué),高等教育出版社,1989

7 TX Yu and WJ Stronge. Large deflection of a rigid-plasticbeam-on-foundation from impact. Int J Impact Engng,1990,9,115~126

8 XD Wang and TX Yu. Parkes revisited:effect of elasticdeformation at the root of a cantilever beam. Int J ImpactEngng,1991,11,197~209

9 余同希,章亮熾. 塑性彎曲理論及其應用. 科學(xué)出版社,1992

10 WJ Stronge and TX Yu. Dynamic Models for Structural Plasticity. Springer-Verlag,London,1993

11 TX Yu. Elastic effect in the dynamic plastic response of structures,Chapter 9 in Structural Crashworthiness and Failure,ed. N Jones and T Wierzbicki,341~384,Elsevier,1993

12 余同希,華云龍. 結構塑性動(dòng)力學(xué)引論. 中國科技大學(xué)出版社,1994

13 XY Su,TX Yu and SR Reid. Inertia-sensitive impact energy- absorbing structures. Part I:Effects of inertia and elasticity,Int J Impact Engng,1995,16,651~672

14 TX Yu,JL Yang,SR Reid and CD Austin. Dynamic behaviour of elastic-plastic free-free beam subjected to impulsive loading. Int J Solids Struct,1996,33,2659~2680

15 TX Yu and LC Zhang. Plastic Bending:Theory and Applications. World Scientific,Singapore,1996

16 TX Yu,JL Yang and SR Reid. Interaction between reflected elastic flexural waves and a plastic hinge in the dynamic response of pulse loaded beams. Int J Impact Engng,1997, 19,457~475

17 SR Reid,TX Yu and JL Yang. An elastic-plastic hardening- sodtening cantilever beam subjected to a force pulse at its tip:a model for pipe whip. Proc R Soc Lond A 454,1998,997~1029

18 TX Yu,XM Tao and P Xue. Energy-absorbing capacity of grid- domed textile composites. Composite Science and Technology, 2000,60,785~800

19 TX Yu and FL Chen. A further study of plastic shear failure of impulsively loaded clamped beams. Int J Impact Engng, 2000,24,613~629

20 TX Yu,QP Sun and JK Kim ed. Advances in Engineering Plasticity. Trans Tech Publications,Zurich,Switzerland,2000

研究工作主要集中于沖擊動(dòng)力學(xué)、塑性力學(xué)、結構與材料的能量吸收、復合材料與多胞材料等領(lǐng)域。編寫(xiě)出版了《塑性力學(xué)》(2010年再版易名為《工程塑性力學(xué)》)、《工程材料及其力學(xué)行為》、《結構塑性動(dòng)力學(xué)引論》及《沖擊動(dòng)力學(xué)》等四部教材;著(zhù)有《塑性彎曲理論及其應

用》,《塑性結構的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型》和《材料與結構的能量吸收》等三部專(zhuān)著(zhù)(都有英文版在國外出版);發(fā)表了學(xué)術(shù)期刊論文330篇(大都為SCI收錄)、國際會(huì )議論文200篇、專(zhuān)利4項。獲選為劍橋大學(xué)丘吉爾學(xué)院海外院士;美國機械工程師學(xué)會(huì )會(huì )士(Fellow)、英國機械工程師學(xué)會(huì )會(huì )士(Fellow)、香港工程師學(xué)會(huì )會(huì )士(Fellow);擔任國際沖擊工程學(xué)報(International Journal of Impact Engineering)副主編、國際機械科學(xué)學(xué)報(International Journal of Mechanical Sciences)副主編,以及十余種國際學(xué)術(shù)刊物的編委。曾任中國力學(xué)學(xué)會(huì )副秘書(shū)長(cháng)(1986-1994)、香港力學(xué)學(xué)會(huì )理事長(cháng)(2000-2002)和國際理論與應用力學(xué)學(xué)會(huì )(IUTAM)理事會(huì )的香港代表(2003-2010)。2001年獲中國高??茖W(xué)技術(shù)獎一等獎。

關(guān)于Countersteering--摩托車(chē)的推胎/推把

最近一些初騎摩托的朋友跟我討論到關(guān)于推胎/推把(Countersteering)的問(wèn)題。坦白講,我一直都沒(méi)有認真考慮過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題,只是憑感覺(jué)以?xún)A斜身體為主來(lái)高速過(guò)彎。所以這一次我就細致地思考和學(xué)習了它背后的物理知識,并在實(shí)踐中再次檢驗。

什么叫做Countersteering / 推胎 / 推把呢?

如上圖,countersteering,顧名思義,“反向導向”——"Push left, go left; Push right, go right"最簡(jiǎn)單直白地形容,便是左轉推左把手,右轉推右把手。下面圖中的車(chē)手,進(jìn)入右彎,他推了右把手,從而使得前輪偏左:

Countersteering這件事情,一定程度上違背我們的直覺(jué),因為根據我們駕駛汽車(chē)和平時(shí)騎自行車(chē)的經(jīng)驗,打方向的手法應當是車(chē)頭方向同目標方向一致——左轉時(shí)推右把手使得車(chē)頭往左,右轉時(shí)推左把手使得車(chē)頭向右。根據直覺(jué)來(lái)說(shuō),如果不推把手,那在兩輪車(chē)上,我們也應當是采取偏移重心(車(chē)/身體)向目標方向的做法——左轉時(shí)左傾,右轉時(shí)右傾,而不是反直覺(jué)地countersteer。不過(guò),如果不counterintuitive,這個(gè)技巧也不會(huì )叫countersteering了。

但其實(shí)客觀(guān)來(lái)講,推胎這件事,我們可能或多或少都做過(guò)或者見(jiàn)過(guò),比如下面這張圖:

這位工作人員通過(guò)左推把手實(shí)現了左轉,這便是非常典型的coutersteering。大家是否能回想起來(lái)自己自己有時(shí)候高速騎車(chē)/玩滑板車(chē)的時(shí)候,想要左轉,卻一剎那間有些出乎意料的脫離控制的時(shí)候呢?那便多半就是我們第一次體會(huì )到countersteering/推胎的時(shí)候。

傾斜身體,移動(dòng)重心來(lái)過(guò)彎是符合直覺(jué)也不無(wú)道理的。我們來(lái)簡(jiǎn)單地復習一下初中物理。物體具有慣性,一個(gè)做勻速圓周運動(dòng)的物體要保持勻速圓周運動(dòng)而不是直線(xiàn)運動(dòng),則需要外界的合力形成一個(gè)向心力F。微觀(guān)地看,物體的慣性會(huì )使得它從A運動(dòng)到B,而向心力(外界合力)使得它從B到C,從而保持在圓周上:

我們假設時(shí)間為delta t,圓周半徑為r,速度表示為v,加速度表示為a,則有下面推導,得到向心力F=mv^2/r:

很顯然,我們現在看“勻速圓周運動(dòng)”的視角,并不是一個(gè)慣性參考系,所以接下來(lái)的受力分析,我們需要引入一個(gè)離心力(=向心力mv^2/r),才能繼續使用牛頓定律:

而很顯然,下圖中的f1和f2也是需要相等才能受力平衡的:

因此有該角beta = arccot (v^2 / (gr)):

所以我們過(guò)彎的時(shí)候,速度v越大,所需要的傾角theta = (90-beta)也就越大。從這個(gè)意義上講,與其說(shuō)是我們通過(guò)傾斜來(lái)過(guò)彎,不如說(shuō)過(guò)彎如果要保持速度,我們就不得不保持相當的傾斜。

那么這一切跟推胎/countersteering又有什么關(guān)系呢?

引用一個(gè)百度百科的解釋?zhuān)褐亓Ω咚傩D中的 陀螺 產(chǎn)生的對支撐點(diǎn)的 力矩 不會(huì )使其發(fā)生傾倒,而發(fā)生小角度的 進(jìn)動(dòng) 。此即陀螺效應。進(jìn)動(dòng)說(shuō)一個(gè)自轉的物體受外力作用導致其自轉軸繞某一中心旋轉——注意,是轉軸旋轉。

首先想象一個(gè)轉軸垂直的陀螺,如果受到了水平方向的力使得支撐點(diǎn)不平衡,它的陀螺儀效應(進(jìn)動(dòng))很容易想象:

而更通俗地說(shuō),我們可以認為物體有一種保持原軸旋轉的慣性。而車(chē)輪旋轉速度越快,角速度越快,則角動(dòng)量(及動(dòng)量矩)也就越大,這種“慣性”就越大,也就越穩定。這就是為什么高速騎行時(shí),更容易保持平衡的原因。

在彎道行進(jìn)的摩托車(chē),如下圖所示,向心力和重力分別會(huì )對車(chē)輪產(chǎn)生一個(gè)力矩,實(shí)現了平衡:

從這里我們便可以想象出推胎的原理了:比方說(shuō)一個(gè)想右轉的車(chē)手,現在車(chē)體和身體都保持正直,向前推了右車(chē)把,車(chē)頭偏左,此刻向左的向心力則有了一個(gè)力矩,迫使車(chē)身向右傾斜,而這正是我們高速右轉所需要的。這也就是說(shuō),因為左轉需要向左側傾斜,而在不傾斜的情況下,一個(gè)向左轉的傾向(車(chē)頭),會(huì )使得車(chē)身向反方向(右)傾斜,為車(chē)手所利用,進(jìn)行轉向。

同時(shí),因為陀螺儀效應,我們轉動(dòng)車(chē)頭(前胎)時(shí),前輪產(chǎn)生進(jìn)動(dòng),這也是(向相反方向的)傾斜產(chǎn)生的一部分原因。

比較常見(jiàn)的說(shuō)法,是高速騎行時(shí)(比如說(shuō)至少12英里每小時(shí)以上的速度),countersteering才有必要使用。這是一種很直接的體會(huì ),但是并不準確。

根據上面的分析,我們已經(jīng)可以看到,countersteering的原理跟速度并沒(méi)有關(guān)系,所以本質(zhì)上,低速運動(dòng)時(shí),countersteering也是可以使用的。但是我們?yōu)槭裁赐鶝](méi)有注意到呢?容易想到,低速騎行時(shí),保持速度過(guò)彎需要的傾角非常小,我們很容易通過(guò)身體稍微傾斜來(lái)完成。并且,低速時(shí)我們會(huì )無(wú)意識地很頻繁地調整車(chē)頭,從而完全忽視了countersteering的存在。

在實(shí)際的騎行之中運用countersteering是非常簡(jiǎn)單的——只需要記住"Push left, go left; Push right, go right"并執行就可以了。當然,我們要把一個(gè)違反直覺(jué)的操作變成直覺(jué),這需要不斷的訓練和用經(jīng)驗說(shuō)服自己。

不得不說(shuō)的是,掌握countersteering,并將其變成肌肉記憶,對于騎行安全是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。因為在過(guò)彎時(shí)如果速度非???,不論是因為入彎前減速不到位也好,還是沒(méi)有預知到這個(gè)彎道也好,我們都需要維持一個(gè)更大的傾角來(lái)過(guò)彎——因為此時(shí)減速造成騎行不穩定這一風(fēng)險其實(shí)更大。但是這一點(diǎn)在速度過(guò)快,我們有些失去冷靜的時(shí)候是很難做到的——本來(lái)就在一個(gè)狹窄的陡彎30mph地過(guò)彎,沒(méi)有及時(shí)減速的騎手有些失去了自信,此時(shí)還要往彎道相反的方向推車(chē)把。在緊急關(guān)頭保持冷靜做出正確判斷,是很難得的素質(zhì),所以我們最好的做法,就是為自己培養出countersteering的本能,讓我們的應急反應成為正確反應。

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